Stoicism and Neoplatonism

Platonism is a philosophy that originated from Plato, focusing on abstract, non-material ideas known as Forms, which represent the most accurate reality.

Plotinus, a philosopher in the 3rd century AD, further developed Platonism into what is known as Neoplatonism. He introduced the concept of "the One", an ultimate principle of simplicity and perfection which all existence emanates from.

Similarities between Stoicism and Neoplatonism

Stoicism and Neoplatonism share many similarities, including the pursuit of inner tranquility and a belief in a hierarchical universe governed by rationality.

However, while Stoicism focuses on living in harmony with nature through understanding and accepting its rational order, Neoplatonism shifts towards a metaphysical exploration of existence, emphasizing a mystical union with "the One."

From Prosochē to Henosis

This transition from Stoicism to Neoplatonism marked a move from a practical philosophy centered around ethical life to a more abstract metaphysical ideology centered around the origins and nature of being.

Stoicism's mindfulness practice, Prosochē, which advocates awareness and control over one's actions and impulses, evolved into the Neoplatonic practice of Henosis, an intense, contemplative process aimed at achieving oneness with the divine source, "the One."

DALL·E 2023-10-16 13.16.51 - Photo capturing a real-life stoic philosopher in a Roman courtyard bathed in the soft light of the moon. He sits near an ancient fountain, its gentle

Quotes

"Don't let your mind wander far and wide. It ought to stay here and not escape from the reality of the present moment."

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations

"The mind that is attentive and focused on the present moment is able to perceive the beauty and wonder that surrounds us."

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations

"Attention is the beginning of devotion."

Seneca

"Attention is the currency of meaningful connection."

Epictetus

"If you are constantly judging external events as good or bad, your attention will always be pulled outside of yourself."

Epictetus, Discourses

"The mind that is anxious about the future is miserable."

Seneca, Letters from a Stoic

"Your attention is your most valuable asset. Guard it wisely."

Seneca

"The greatest wealth is a poverty of desires."

Seneca, Letters from a Stoic

Universal Logos to "the One"

Moreover, the concept of the universal Logos in Stoicism, which represents the divine rational principle that orders the universe, transforms into "the One" in Neoplatonism. Here, "the One" is seen as an ineffable entity that transcends all categories of existence and non-existence, unlike the Stoic Logos, which is accessible and immanent within the world. This philosophical progression highlights a deepening of metaphysical thought from Stoicism to Neoplatonism, focusing on mystical and existential dimensions of human experience.

DALL·E 2023-10-16 19.00.57 - Photo depicting the vastness of the universe with galaxies and stars interconnected by beams of light, representing the Stoic concept of Logos and the